Öz

Öğretmenlik mesleği birçok toplumda saygın, hatta “kutsal” bir meslek olarak görülse de, son derece talepkâr ve zorlayıcı olduğu da inkâr edilemez. Öğretmenlik mesleğinin getirdiği zorluklar, dünya genelinde önemli sayıda öğretmenin ya meslekten ayrılmasına ya da ayrılmayı düşünmesine neden olmaktadır. Öğretmenlerin meslekten ayrılması, emeklilik yaşına ulaşmadan, ancak en az bir yıl öğretmenlik yaptıktan sonra meslekten ayrılmalarını ifade eder. Bu olgunun finansal maliyetler, insan kaynaklarıyla ilgili zorluklar ve öğrenme-öğretim süreçlerinde aksaklıklar gibi derin etkileri olduğu göz önüne alındığında, bu olgunun kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, meslekten ayrılan öğretmenler ile hâlen görevde olan öğretmenlerin, meslekten ayrılma nedenlerine ilişkin algılarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, öğretmenlerin meslekten ayrılma zamanlaması ve meslekten ayrılanların kariyer yolculukları da araştırılmıştır. Olgubilim araştırma deseni ile tasarlanan çalışmada, kartopu ve maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemleri kullanılarak seçilen 27 meslekten ayrılmış öğretmen ve 15 hâlen görev yapmakta olan öğretmen yer almıştır. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. İçerik analizi sonucunda öğretmenlerin meslekten ayrılma nedenlerine ilişkin üç ana tema belirlenmiştir: (a) hizmet öncesi eğitim, (b) meslek hayatı deneyimleri ve (c) mesleki tatminsizlik ve alternatif fırsatlar. Meslekten ayrılmanın başlıca tetikleyicileri arasında hizmet öncesi eğitimin kalitesi, rehberlik eksikliği, yöneticiler ve meslektaşlarla ilişkiler, aşırı iş yükü, öğretmenlik mesleğinin toplumdaki statüsü, düşük maaşlar ve emeğinin karşılığını alamama ile alternatif iş fırsatları yer almaktadır. Bulgular ayrıca, meslekten ayrılmanın en çok öğretmenliğin ilk üç yılında görüldüğünü ve emekliliğe yaklaştıkça giderek azaldığını göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, meslekten ayrılan öğretmenlerin çoğunlukla eğitim sektörü içinde veya dışında farklı kariyerlere yöneldiği, bazılarının ise tamamen iş gücünden çekildiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Öğretmenlerin meslekten ayrılması, Meslekten ayrılan öğretmenler, Öğretmenlerin meslekten ayrılma nedenleri, Öğretmenlerin meslekten ayrılma zamanlaması, Olgubilim

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