Öz
Öğretmenlerin mesleki öğrenme etkinlikleri, okul çıktıları üzerinde olumlu sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Ankara’daki devlet ortaokullarında görev yapan 582 öğretmenden elde edilen verilerle, öğretmen failliği ile öğretmenlerin mesleki öğrenme etkinlikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemiştir. Türkiye’nin başkenti ve önemli bir eğitim merkezi olan Ankara, güçlü temsiliyet kapasitesi nedeniyle çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (YEM) kullanılarak, öğretmen failliği ile öğretmenlerin mesleki öğrenme etkinlikleri arasındaki ilişki ve bu ilişkide öğretmen öz-yeterliğinin aracı rolü test edilmiştir. Bulgular, aracılık modelini desteklemiş; öğretmen failliği ile öğretmenlerin mesleki öğrenme etkinlikleri ilişkisinin hem doğrudan hem de öğretmen öz-yeterliği aracılığıyla dolaylı ilişkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar, öğretmen failliği ile mesleki öğrenme etkinlikleri arasındaki ilişkilerin Ankara’daki devlet ortaokulları bağlamında nasıl işlediğine dair derinlemesine bir anlayış sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, öğretmenlerin mesleki öğrenme etkinliklerini teşvik etmek ve okul çıktılarının iyileştirilmesine katkı sağlamak amacıyla politika yapıcılara ve okul yöneticilerine yönelik pratik öneriler de sunulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Öğretmen mesleki öğrenme etkinlikleri, Öğretmen failliği, Öğretmen öz-yeterliği, Aracılık testi, Ortaokul öğretmeni
Kaynakça
- Ahn, J., & Bowers, A. J. (2024). Do teacher beliefs mediate leadership and teacher behaviors? Testing teacher self-efficacy's mediation role between leadership for learning and teacher outcomes. Journal of Educational Administration, 62(2), 197-222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-12-2022-0227
- Akiba, M. (2015). Measuring teachers’ professional learning activities in international context. In G. K. Letendre & A. W. Wiseman (Eds.), Promoting and sustaining a quality teacher workforce (Vol. 27, pp. 87-110). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-367920140000027003
- Akiba, M., & Liang, G. (2016). Effects of teacher professional learning activities on student achievement growth. The Journal of Educational Research, 109(1), 99-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2014.924470
- Al-Mahdy, Y. F. H., Al-Harthi, A. S., & Salah El-Din, N. (2023). The effect of leadership support on commitment to change and turnover intention in Omani higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 47(3), 324-337. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2022.2124367
- Al-Mahdy, Y. F. H., Hallinger, P., Emam, M., Hammad, W., Alabri, K. M., & Al-Harthi, K. (2024). Supporting teacher professional learning in Oman: The effects of principal leadership, teacher trust, and teacher agency. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 52(2), 395-416. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432211064428
- Aspbury-Miyanishi, E. (2022). The affordances beyond what one does: Reconceptualizing teacher agency with Heidegger and Ecological Psychology. Teaching and Teacher Education, (113), 103662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103662
- Aşçı, M., & Yıldırım, R. (2020). Öğretmen failliği ile öğretim programına bağlılık arasındaki ilişki: Yunus Emre ilçesi örneği [Special issue]. OPUS–Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, (16), 6126-6149. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.806477
- Avalos, B. (2011). Teacher professional development in teaching and teacher education over ten years. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(1), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.007
- Aydın, Y. (2016). Örgütsel sessizliğin okul yönetiminde kayırmacılık ve öğretmenlerin öz yeterlik algısı ile ilişkisi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 22(2), 165-192. https://doi.org/10.14527/kuey.2016.007
- Bagozzi, R. P., & Edwards, J. R. (1998). A general approach for representing constructs in organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 1(1), 45-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442819800100104
- Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
- Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. PrenticeHall.
- Bandura, A. (1995). Self-efficacy in changing societies. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511527692
- Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W H Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Company.
- Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
- Bayraktar, H. V., & Çelik, O. (2021). Öğretmenlerin öz yeterlilikleri ile sınıf yönetimi becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. İZÜ Eğitim Dergisi, 3(6), 98-127. https://doi.org/10.46423/izujed.841318
- Bellibaş, M. Ş., Çalışkan, Ö., & Gümüş, S. (2019). Öğretmen Failliği Ölçeği’nin (ÖFÖ) geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 9(1), 1-11.
- Biesta, G., Priestley, M., & Robinson, S. (2015). The role of beliefs in teacher agency. Teachers and Teaching, 21(6), 624-640. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2015.1044325
- Bozgün, K., & Can, F. (2021). Öğretmen adaylarının serbest yazma tutumlarında öğretmen öz yeterlik algılarının yordayıcılığı. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (24), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.990059
- Bray-Clark, N., & Bates, R. (2003). Self-efficacy beliefs and teacher effectiveness: Implications for professional development. Professional Educator, 26(1), 13-22.
- Brodie, K. (2021). Teacher agency in professional learning communities. Professional Development in Education, 47(4), 560-573. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2019.1689523
- Burić, I., & Moe, A. (2020). What makes teachers enthusiastic: The interplay of positive affect, self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Teaching and Teacher Education, (89), 103008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.103008
- Buxton, C. A., Allexsaht‐Snider, M., Kayumova, S., Aghasaleh, R., Choi, Y. J., & Cohen, A. (2015). Teacher agency and professional learning: Rethinking fidelity of implementation as multiplicities of enactment. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 52(4), 489-502. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21223
- Chang, T. J., & Sung, Y. T. (2024). Does teacher motivation really matter? Exploring the mediating role of teachers’ self-efficacy in the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, (33), 1315-1325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-023-00803-4
- Chao, C. N. G., Sze, W., Chow, E., Forlin, C., & Ho, F. C. (2017). Improving teachers’ self-efficacy in applying teaching and learning strategies and classroom management to students with special education needs in Hong Kong. Teaching and Teacher Education, (66), 360-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.05.004
- Choi, J. (2022). The interplay of teacher identities and agency: A case study of two native English-speaking teachers in South Korea. Teaching and Teacher Education, (117), 103804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103804
- Chung, J. (2023). Research-informed teacher education, teacher autonomy and teacher agency: The example of Finland. London Review of Education, 21(1) 1-11. https://doi.org/10.14324/LRE.21.1.13
- Çelik, O. (2019). İlkokul ve ortaokul öğretmenlerinin öz yeterlilikleri ile sınıf yönetimi becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Thesis No. 553475) [Master's thesis, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University]. Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center.
- Demir, S. (2018). Okul yöneticilerinin motivasyonel dili ile öğretmen öz yeterliği arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir çalışma. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 177-183. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.384848
- Demirtaş, Z., & Kahveci, G. (2010). Öğrenci algılarına göre 4. sınıf ve 5. sınıf öğretmenlerinin sınıf yönetimi yeterlikleri. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (15), 18-29.
- Desimone, L. M., & Garet, M. S. (2015). Best practices in teachers’ professional development in the United States. Psychology, Society and Education, 7(3), 252-263. https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v7i3.515
- Emirbayer, M., & Mische, A. (1998). What is agency?. American Journal of Sociology, 103(4), 962-1023. https://doi.org/10.1086/231294
- Erdogan, U. (2023). Öğretmen liderliği ve öz yeterliği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(20), 213-232. https://doi.org/10.29129/inujgse.1362718
- Eteläpelto, A., Vähäsantanen, K., Hökkä, P., & Paloniemi, S. (2014). Miten käsitteellistää ammatillista toimijuutta työssä?. Aikuiskasvatus, 34(3), 202-214. https://doi.org/10.33336/aik.94100
- Frost, D. (2006) The concept of ‘agency’ in leadership for learning. Leading & Managing, 12(2), 19-28.
- Garet, M. S., Porter, A. C., Desimone, L., Birman, B. F., & Yoon, K. S. (2001). What makes professional development effective? Results from a national sample of teachers. American Educational Research Journal, 38(4), 915-945. https://doi.org/10.3102/000283120380049
- Geijsel, F., Sleegers, P., Van den Berg, R., & Kelchtermans, G. (2001). Conditions fostering the implementation of large-scale innovation programs in schools: Teachers’ perspectives. Educational Administration Quarterly, 37(1), 130-166. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131610121969262
- Geijsel, F. P., Sleegers, P. J. C., Stoel, R. D., & Krüger, M. L. (2009). The effect of teacher psychological and school organizational and leadership factors on teachers’ professional learning in Dutch schools. Elementary School Journal, 109(4), 406-427. https://doi.org/10.1086/593940
- Geleta, T. O., & Raju, T. S. (2023). Professional learning activities in the higher education institution of Ethiopia. Heliyon, 9(3), e14119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14119
- Gignac, G. E., & Szodorai, E. T. (2016). Effect size guidelines for individual differences researchers. Personality and Individual Differences, (102), 74-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.069
- Haworth, P., McGee, A., & Maclntyre, L. K. (2015). Building a whole school approach and teacher efficacy with English language learners. Teachers and Teaching, 21(2), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2014.928131
- Hayes, A. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation and conditional processes analysis: A regression- based approach (3rd ed.). The Guilford Press.
- Helgevold, N. (2016). Teaching as creating space for participation–establishing a learning community in diverse classrooms. Teachers and Teaching, 22(3), 315-328. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2015.1058590
- Hendawy Al-Mahdy, Y. F., Hallinger, P., Emam, M., Hammad, W., Alabri, K. M., & Al-Harthi, K. (2024). Supporting teacher professional learning in Oman: The effects of principal leadership, teacher trust, and teacher agency. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 52(2), 395-416. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432211064428
- Henson, R. K. (2001, January 26). Teacher self-efficacy: Substantive implications and measurement dilemmas [Invited keynote address]. Annual meeting of the Educational Research Exchange, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED452208.pdf
- Hettinger, K., Lazarides, R., Rubach, C., & Schiefele, U. (2021). Teacher classroom management self-efficacy: Longitudinal relations to perceived teaching behaviors and student enjoyment. Teaching and Teacher Education, (103), 103349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103349
- Hilal, Y. Y., Hammad, W., & Polatcan, M. (2022). Does distributed leadership improve teacher agency? Exploring the mediating effect of teacher reflection. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 52(6), 1369-1387. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221134931
- Hu, B. Y., Li, Y., Wang, C., Reynolds, B. L., & Wang, S. (2019). The relation between school climate and preschool teacher stress: The mediating role of teachers’ self-efficacy. Journal of Educational Administration, 57(6), 748-767. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-08-2018-0146
- Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
- Huang, X., Lin, C. H., & Chi Kin Lee, J. (2020). Moving beyond classroom teaching: A study of multidimensional teacher self-efficacy on job satisfaction and occupational commitment. Teachers and Teaching, 26(7-8), 522-542. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2021.1890014
- Imants, J., & Van der Wal, M. M. (2020). A model of teacher agency in professional development and school reform. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 52(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2019.1604809
- Karasar, N. (2020). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Yayın.
- Karaoğlu, İ. B. (2019). Öğretmen öz yeterlik algısı ölçeği kısa formu’nun Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(99), 123-139. https://doi.org/10.29228/ASOS.36797
- Keskin, T., & Aktay, S. (2021). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin eğitsel internet kullanım öz-yeterlikleri ve öğretmenlik öz-yeterliklerinin incelenmesi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 579-596. https://doi.org/10.21666/muefd.846281
- Kılınç, A. Ç., Polatcan, M., & Çepni, O. (2023a). Exploring the association between distributed leadership and student achievement: The mediation role of teacher professional practices and teacher self-efficacy. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 55(3), 352-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2023.2216770
- Kılınç, A. Ç., Polatcan, M., Erdoğan, O., Sezgin, F., & Özdemir, S. (2023b). Investigating the association between principal learning-centred leadership and teacher instructional practices: The mediating roles of teacher self-efficacy and collective teacher efficacy. Educational Studies, 51(4), 568-587. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2023.2279035
- Kim, L. E., Dar-Nimrod, I., & MacCann, C. (2018). Teacher personality and teacher effectiveness in secondary school: Personality predicts teacher support and student self-efficacy but not academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(3), 309-323. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000217
- Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Publications.
- Korthagen, F. (2017). Inconvenient truths about teacher learning: Towards professional development 3.0. Teachers and Teaching, 23(4), 387-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2016.1211523
- Kwakman, K. (2003). Factors affecting teachers’ participation in professional learning activities. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19(2), 149-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(02)00101-4
- Lai, C., Li, Z., & Gong, Y. (2016). Teacher agency and professional learning in cross-cultural teaching contexts: Accounts of Chinese teachers from international schools in Hong Kong. Teaching and Teacher Education, (54), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2015.11.007
- Lee, S. W., & Lee, E. A. (2020). Teacher qualification matters: The association between cumulative teacher qualification and students’ educational attainment. International Journal of Educational Development, (77), 102218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102218
- Lemon, N., & Garvis, S. (2016). Pre-service teacher self-efficacy in digital technology. Teachers and Teaching, 22(3), 387-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2015.1058594
- Li, L., & Ruppar, A. (2021). Conceptualizing teacher agency for inclusive education: A systematic and international review. Teacher Educationand Special Education, 44(1), 42-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888406420926976
- Lieberman, A., & Pointer Mace, D. (2010). Making practice public: teacher learning in the 21st century. Journal of Teacher Education, 61(1-2), 77-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487109347319
- Lindell, M. K., & Whitney, D. J. (2001). Accounting for common method variance in cross-sectional research designs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 114-121. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.114
- Liu, S., Hallinger, P., & Feng, D. (2016). Supporting the professional learning of teachers in China: Does principal leadership make a difference?. Teaching and Teacher Education, (59), 79-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.05.023
- Marschall, G., & Watson, S. (2022). Teacher self-efficacy as an aspect of narrative self-schemata. Teaching and Teacher Education, (109), 103568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103568
- Meirink, J. A., Imants, J., Meijer, P. C., & Verloop, N. (2010). Teacher learning and collaboration in innovative teams. Cambridge Journal of Education, 40(2), 161-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2010.481256
- Meirink, J. A., Meijer, P. C., Verloop, N., & Bergen, T. C. (2009). Understanding teacher learning in secondary education: The relations of teacher activities to changed beliefs about teaching and learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25(1), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2008.07.003
- Michos, K., Cantieni, A., Schmid, R., Müller, L., & Petko, D. (2022). Examining the relationship between internship experiences, teaching enthusiasm, and teacher self-efficacy when using a mobile portfolio app. Teaching and Teacher Education, (109), 103570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103570
- Mifsud, C. L., & Vella, L. A. (2018). Teacher agency and language mediation in two Maltese preschool bilingual classrooms. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 31(3), 272-288. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2018.1504400
- Min, M. (2023). School culture, self-efficacy, outcome expectation, and teacher agency toward reform with curricular autonomy in South Korea: A social cognitive approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 43(4), 951-967. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2019.1626218
- Ministry of National Education. (2024). Eğitim istatistikleri. https://istatistik.meb.gov.tr/
- Molla, T., & Nolan, A. (2020). Teacher agency and professional practice. Teachers and Teaching, 26(1), 67-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2020.1740196
- Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. (2017). Mplus user’s guide. Muthén & Muthén.
- Özdemir, M., Kaymak, M. N., & Çetin, O. U. (2023). Unlocking teacher potential: The integrated influence of empowering leadership and authentic leadership on teacher self-efficacy and agency in Turkey. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 53(5), 1083-1104. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432231217136
- Pang, J. (2011). Exploring Korean teacher classroom expertise in sociomathematical norms. In Y. Li & G. Kaiser (Eds.), Expertise in mathematics instruction: An international perspective (pp. 243-262). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7707-6_12
- Preacher, K. J., & Hayes A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, (40), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
- Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology, (63), 539-569. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452
- Polatcan, M. (2020). The adaptation of professional learning activities scale to Turkish: The validity and reliability study. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 7(2), 281-290. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.808721
- Polatcan, M. (2021). An exploration of the relationship between distributed leadership, teacher agency, and professional learning in Turkey. Professional Development in Education, 50(4), 789-803. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2021.1905050
- Polatcan, M., Arslan, P., & Balci, A. (2023). The mediating effect of teacher self-efficacy regarding the relationship between transformational school leadership and teacher agency. Educational Studies, 49(5), 823-841. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2021.1894549
- Rani, R., Yuliasri, I., Mujiayanto, J., & Astuti, P. (2023). Enhancing teacher professional development: Insight from teacher professional learning activities. International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies, 3(10), 2078-2085. https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/V03I10Y2023-15
- Rockoff, J. E. (2004). The impact of individual teachers on student achievement: Evidence from panel data. American Economic Review, 94(2), 247-252. https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041302244
- Sağır, M., & Tutkun, B. (2017). Okul müdürlerinin etik liderlik davranışları ile öğretmen öz yeterliği arasındaki ilişki. Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2), 44-68.
- Sak, İ. Ş. (2015). Okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının sınıf yönetimi ile ilgili öz-yeterlik inançları. Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (29), 101-120.
- Seligman, M. (2018). The optimistic child: A revolutionary approach to raising resilient children. Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
- Shavard, G. (2022). Teacher agency in collaborative lesson planning: Stabilising or transforming professional practice?. Teachers and Teaching, 28(5), 555-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2022.2062745
- Supovitz, J. A., & Turner, H. M. (2000), The effects of professional development on science teaching practices and classroom culture. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 37(9), 963-980. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2736(200011)37:9<963::AID-TEA6>3.0.CO;2-0
- Şeref, İ., & Çinpolat, E. (2021). Türkçe öğretmenlerinin öğretim yöntem ve tekniklerini kullanma becerileri ile öğretmen öz yeterlikleri arasındaki ilişki. Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 9(4), 1051-1065. https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.907876
- Tao, J., & Gao, X. (2017). Teacher agency and identity commitment in curricular reform. Teaching and Teacher Education, (63), 346-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.01.010
- Toom, A., Pyhaltö., & Rust, F. O. (2015). Teachers' professional agency in contradictory times. Teachers and Teaching, 21(6), 615-623. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2015.1044334
- Tschannen-Moran, M. & Hoy, A. W. (2001). Teacher efficacy: Capturing an elusive construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(7), 783-805. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00036-1
- Tschannen-Moran, M., & McMaster, P. (2009). Sources of self-efficacy: Four professional development formats and their relationship to self-efficacy and implementation of a new teaching strategy. The Elementary School Journal, 110(2), 228-245. https://doi.org/10.1086/605771
- Tschannen-Moran, M., Woolfolk-Hoy, A., & Hoy, W. K. (1998). Teacher efficacy: Its meaning and measure. Review of Educational Research, 68(2), 202-248. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543068002202
- Wang, H., Hall, N. C., & Rahimi, S. (2015). Self-efficacy and causal attributions in teachers: Effects on burnout, job satisfaction, illness, and quitting intentions. Teaching and Teacher Education, (47), 120-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2014.12.005
- Wild, A., Galosy, J., Kagle, M., Gillespie, N., & Rozelle, J. (2018). Teacher agency over curriculum and professional learning: Lock-step. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 3(4), 306-320. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-12-2017-0034
- Woodcock, S., Sharma, U., Subban, P., & Hitches, E. (2022). Teacher self-efficacy and inclusive education practices: Rethinking teachers’ engagement with inclusive practices. Teaching and Teacher Education, (117), 103802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103802
- World Bank. (2022). Teachers. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/teachers#1
- Voogt, J., Westbroek, H., Handelzalts, A., Walraven, A., McKenney, S., Pieters, J., & De Vries, B. (2011). Teacher learning in collaborative curriculum design. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(8), 1235-1244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2011.07.003
- Zee, M., & Koomen, H. M. (2016). Teacher self-efficacy and its effects on classroom processes, student academic adjustment, and teacher well-being: A synthesis of 40 years of research. Review of Educational Research, 86(4), 981-1015. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315626801
Telif hakkı ve lisans
Telif Hakkı © 2026 Yazar(lar). Açık erişimli bu makale, orijinal çalışmaya uygun şekilde atıfta bulunulması koşuluyla, herhangi bir ortamda veya formatta sınırsız kullanım, dağıtım ve çoğaltmaya izin veren Creative Commons Atıf Lisansı (CC BY) altında dağıtılmıştır.
