Öz

Akademik metinlerde birinci dil (D1) ve ikinci dil (D2) yazarlarının kendilerini nasıl temsil ettiklerini incelemek ve elde edilen bulguları dilsel ve kültürel açılardan değerlendirmek, akademik yazma pedagojisine ışık tutmak açısından önemlidir; ancak bu alandaki çalışmalar, şimdiye dek oldukça sınırlı kalmıştır. D1 ve D2 akademik metinlerinin karşılaştırılması, yazarların yazar kimliklerini nasıl kurduklarını ortaya koyarak, diller arası akademik yazma geleneklerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlar ve hem ana dilde hem de ikinci dilde yazan yazarlar için pedagojik uygulamalara rehberlik eder. Bu çalışma, D1 ve D2 Türkçe araştırma makalelerinde (TAM) kendinden söz etme kullanımlarını şu açılardan incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır: açık ile örtük yazar göndermelerinin ortaya çıkış şekilleri, sözbilimsel işlevleri ve dağılımları. Bu doğrultuda, 13’ü ana dili Türkçe olan yazarlar (ADT) ve 13’ü farklı kültürel arka planlara sahip ana dili Türkçe olmayan yazarlar (ADTn) tarafından yazılmış toplam 26 Türkçe araştırma makalesinden oluşan bir veri seti çözümlenmiştir. Bu derlem, 2015-2022 yılları arasında Eğitim ve Bilim dergisinde yayımlanan çok yazarlı araştırma makalelerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemiyle oluşturulmuştur. Daha kapsamlı bulgular elde etmek amacıyla, nitel ve nicel yaklaşımları birleştiren karma yöntem deseni kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak, açık ve örtük yazar göndermeleri, Hyland’ın (2005) Kişilerarası Üstsöylem Modeli ve Güçlü (2024) tarafından Türkçe için oluşturulan kendinden söz etme unsurları arama listesi temelinde biçimsel açıdan incelenmiştir. İkinci aşamada, bu göndermeler, Hyland’ın (2002) kendinden söz etme işlevlerine ilişkin çerçevesi ve Türkçedeki kendinden söz etme sözbilimsel işlevleri üzerine yapılan önceki çalışmalara dayalı olarak Solsun ve Akbaş (2022) tarafından geliştirilen bir arama listesi ışığında işlevsel açıdan çözümlenip sınıflandırılmıştır. Üçüncü aşamada, ADT ve ADTn derlemlerinde tespit edilen açık ve örtük yazar göndermeleri, biçimsel özellikleri ve sözbilimsel işlevleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Daha önce tanımlanmamış yazar göndermelerinin biçimsel ve işlevsel özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla derlem-temelli ve derlem-çıkışlı yaklaşımlar benimsenmiştir. Açık ve örtük yazar göndermelerinin sıklığı, kullanım örüntüleri ve sözbilimsel işlevleri hem manuel inceleme ile hem de AntConc 4.2.0 yazılımı kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Ayrıca, derlemler arasındaki dağılım örüntülerinin istatistiksel anlamlılığını değerlendirmek amacıyla log-olasılık çözümlemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular, anadili Türkçe olan yazarların, anadili Türkçe olmayan yazarlara kıyasla kendinden söz etme ögelerini anlamlı derecede daha sık kullandıklarını ve bu eğilimin, makalelerinde örtük yazar göndermelerinin daha yoğun şekilde yer almasıyla ilişkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Her iki derlemde de yazar göndermelerinin çoğunlukla örtük biçimde kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu örtük göndermeler özellikle kılıcısız edilgen yapılar ile kılıcı olan canlı veya cansız belirleyici öbekler (BelÖ) biçiminde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Öte yandan, veri çözümlemesi, birinci çoğul kişi adıllarının nadiren kullanıldığını; buna karşılık birinci çoğul kişi eklerinin Türkçe akademik yazında açık yazar göndermelerinin başlıca biçimi olarak işlev gördüğünü göstermektedir. Ayrıca, her iki derlemde de kendinden söz etme ifadelerinin benzer sözbilimsel işlevleri yerine getirdiği, özellikle araştırma süreçlerini tanımlamak için kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgulara dayanarak, yazar görünürlüğüne ilişkin tercihlerin; türe özgü dil kullanımı, dilsel özellikler, kültürel olarak biçimlenmiş bilgi anlayışları (epistemolojiler), akademik topluluk içindeki ilişkiler, kuralcı eğitim gelenekleri ve kişisel tercihler gibi etmenlerin etkileşimiyle şekillenebileceği öne sürülebilir. Genel olarak, bu çalışma, akademik yazarların hem D1 hem de D2 bağlamlarında yazar kimliklerini nasıl inşa ettiklerine ilişkin önemli içgörüler sunmakta; böylece akademik yazma pedagojisi ve öğretim materyallerinin tasarımı ve geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Türkçe araştırma makaleleri, Yazar kimliği, Açık yazar göndermeleri, Örtük yazar göndermeleri, D1 ve D2 akademik yazım, Kendinden söz etme, Biçim ve işlev

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Güçlü, R. (2025). D1 ve D2 Türkçe araştırma makalelerinde kendinden söz etme: ortaya çıkış şekilleri, işlevler ve dağılım. Eğitim Ve Bilim, 50(224), 169-198. https://doi.org/10.15390/ES.2025.2497