Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the multilevel effects of student and school factors on the mathematics achievement of eighth-grade students in Turkey, Singapore, the USA and Finland through multilevel modelling using the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011 eighth-grade data. The results showed that the TIMSS 2011 mathematics scores of eighth-grade students were positively affected by self-confidence in mathematics and home educational resources at student level, and school composition by students’ economic background at school level in all countries in the study.
Keywords: Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), mathematics achievement, school factors, student factors, multilevel statistical analysis
Copyright and license
Copyright © 2014 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
